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His half-brother Vijaymalla rebelled against him, and got Harsha released from prison. Ramdas was a devotee of Hanuman and Rama. What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? Son of Durlabhavardhana and Anangalekha. Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. and interdisciplinary publications, both books and journals. It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly, According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was. The young Chippatajayapida was advised by his maternal uncle Utpalaka or Utpala (IV.679). [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. Son of Aksha. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). In 1380 C.E. Smaller Kingdoms during Sultanate Era - Jagranjosh.com However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. Rajatarangini - Wikipedia Total loading time: 0 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Who translated Ramayana into Persian? - Vedantu He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. [9][10][11], According to Wink, Shah Mir may have been an Afghan or a Qaruna Turk, or even a Tibetan. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. 23 February 2011. Rajatarangini - Rajatarangini.pdf - [PDF Document] Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. Son of Sukhavarman. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. The author Kalhana was a son of a minister of Harsha of this family. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. [13], Shah Mir arrived in Kashmir in 1313 along with his family, during the reign of Suhadeva (13011320), whose service he entered. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Rajatarangini - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). (With his account of the Karkota dynasty, relatively recent at the time he wrote his chronicles, Kalhana's information becomes more consistent with other sources.). hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. This article examines two translations of the textone Orientalist and the other nationalistwith the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. This quarterly has been published regularly since Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. [18] Iinternal rebellions were ably suppressed. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. university presses. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Subscribe here. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Please abide by our community guidelines for posting your comments. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Kavya as a genre has had a prominent place in traditional Malayalam poetics, so the austere aesthetics of Kalhanas work will strike a chord with readers, particularly those with a yen for that stimulating mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam of yore, termed Manipravala. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir. A Short Note On Kalhana's Rajatarangini - Unacademy Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. How do people make money on survival on Mars? In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. View Answer