By Tom Nichols. "DEVIN STEWART: Okay, same title. Were complaining and finger-pointing about who ruined our fall plans. And if the Trump administration is saying, "Well, we're all a bunch of smart guys who made a million dollars in Goldman Sachs or real estate; how hard can running Syria policy be?" He is the author of The Death of Expertise (Oxford 2017), Eve of Destruction (2008), No Use: Nuclear Weapons and US National Security (2013), He is currently a Senior Associate of the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, a Senior Fellow of the Graham Centre for Contemporary International History at the University of Toronto, and I always think of the worst math teacherI never much cared for math, which was strange because I was a science major for a whileI ever had was terrible because she could not remember a time when mathematics was not obvious to her. It's right there on his timeline. I think experts in other fields tend to want to do that out of the public eye because theyre so afraidand I think this is where it goes back to lay peoplethat lay people will say: "Aha! Now that it looks like Trump is headed for defeat, some Republicans feel safe to criticize him again. He is also a five-time undefeated Jeopardy champion. For a guy whose beef is not with Ellen Carmichael, Tom Nichols sure has spent a lot of time talking about Ellen Carmichael. America still needs accountability at every level. Then he said "hey, I'm just asking what our viewers are asking. The short pieces we all wrotemuch like this onegenerated a small fee that could pay for a nice dinner and maybe a bottle of wine. For the first time in my life, I felt like a dissident. Sarah Longwell: Why people who hate Trump stick with him. The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters is a 2017 nonfiction book by Tom Nichols.It is an expansion of a 2014 article published in The Federalist.. Summary. They would be grimly assessing risk and preparing both overseas and at home for the reality of a terrorist nation making its way back onto the international map. Russell Brand was challenged to give examples of MSNBC pushing misinformation (that was a BAD idea), On anniversary of Stalins death Reuters reminds us the USSR dictator was a polarizing figure, Biden approached reporters but ran off after hearing the first question, Adam Schiff launches into a projection-filled fit of nervousness after Tucker Carlson talks J6 tapes, People are skeptical of what ex-Dem Rep says long time Fla. Republicans told her about, Karine Jean-Pierre happy to announce 33rd security assistance package for Ukraine, Laurence Tribe cheers on Adam Schiffs frothy-mouthed lunacy over SCOTUS; makes fool out of himself, Aaron Sibarium offers another jaw-dropping peek at what Yale Laws been up to, and its a, NBC News is happy to help push narrative that Ron DeSantis is an authoritarian fascist dictator, Former Disinformation Czar Nina Jankowicz wants YOU to help her raise money to sue Fox News, Media Matters CEO endorses fighting Nazis carrying FNC in order to destroy all left opposing, This hot take from The Atlantic on why some big cities are ungovernable is something else, Heres another big indicator that the Biden WH economic brags are total BS, Rep. Jamaal Bowmans care package for Ron DeSantis definitely delivers on BS and, Chris Hayes bellyaching about Elon Musk buying Twitter and letting the poors/normies be heard BACKFIRES, will maintain all existing travel restrictions at this point, California Do Not Sell My Personal Information, Its been three days, and Tom Nichols *still* thinks Ellen Carmichael conspired with Bret Baier to ask Rochelle Walensky a planted question. Coverage in print media remained solid, but cable-news coverage of Afghanistan dropped off quickly, especially once a new adventure was launched in Iraq. Thomas Michael Nichols [2] (born December 7, 1960) is an American writer, academic specialist on international affairs, and retired professor at the U.S. Saying something that is technically true while leaving out additional facts and context with the obvious intent of misleading the viewer is sneaky and unethical. What's different now?TOM NICHOLS: As I said, when I first started out, I was a Russia guy, Soviet Union. What are they saying?TOM NICHOLS: They mostly are from professionals. That's really the lesson of that book. I said @BretBaier laundered your question as if you were a random viewer, which is a no-no. I did not design the cover.DEVIN STEWART: Who knew that Oxford was hip and funny? It was the angry-old-man-yelling-at-clouds piece that I wrote, and that turned into the article that eventuallyOxford [University Press] actually came to me about the book because I wasn't sure that there was that broad an audience for it until the piece went viral. What matters is that a long war is over. | About | Contact | Investors | Crowdfunding | RSS, Why this site is the very opposite of hateful - a Christian letter to my hometown of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Obama Would Just Look Like a Fool: Why a Putin-Obama Summit Is a Bad Idea, Young Popular Russian Priest, Murdered by Islamic Fanatic: Reminiscences and Footage, The Most Breathtaking 'Lord Have Mercy' You Have Ever Heard, Beautiful, Unearthly Hymn Chanted by Russian Orthodox Choir in Empty Church, Russian Women Always Wear Headscarves to Church. Nothing is perfect, and risks are never zero. This is approaching Alex Jones-level conspiracy theorizing. They just want to say, "I'm awesome," because thats the feedback they get from an educational system that says that all the kids are awesome and because nobody ever wants to correct their friends and sayit's kind of like being at karaoke, and the guy goes up there and he massacres a song and then steps down and says, "I nailed it, right? (Im part of that last group. I do political/policy PR on totally unrelated topics so Im therefore ineligible to petition my government on this one that impacts my family. Bidens policy, of course, is not that different from Trumps, despite all the partisan howling about it from Republicans. Boys were drafted and sent into battle, sometimes in missions never intended to be revealed to the public. This isn't about travel policy, or you, or your child. Afghanistan was different. If Ron DeSantis wants to gut Floridas public colleges, thats up to Floridians. Its so sad that someone wouldnt assume that a mother would love her child and her in-laws so much that shed spend day and night trying to find ways to change public policy so their family can be reunited. It's not your imagination. The future of the world order is at stake. [1], Kirkus Reviews described The Death of Expertise as "A sharp analysis of an increasingly pressing problem", although Nichols (who "sounds less like an alarmist than like a genial guide through the wilderness of ignorance") fails to propose a satisfying solution. What are some other spillover effects globally?TOM NICHOLS: That's a good question, because I was surprised. The newcomer was shamed into locking the gun up for the rest of the event. His books include The Death of Expertise and Our Own Worst Enemy: The Assault From Within on Modern Democracy. Here's Why, Russias Christian Renaissance Explains her Current World Role, Russian Artist Finds Out He is Dying, Paints 1000 Images of Christ. I am a professor. Bret Baier publicly solicited questions. My activism for #LoveIsNotTourism is in my freaking bio. Tom Nichols. People always freak out about plane crashes, and understandably so. America Is 'Committing Suicide' By Allowing Trannies in the Military (Russian TV News). I didn't say you behaved unethically, @ellencarmichael. Baier did nothing wrong. I grew up around guns; my father had been a police officer, and we had two of them. Christian Husbands, Ditch the 'Honey Do' List! One of the things that has always concerned me about the president is that he seems unbriefable. Katherine Hu contributed to this newsletter. So I think it's a lack of empathy, and that many of them are not particularly good teachers. Ellen Carmichael (@ellencarmichael) July 30, 2021. I hope that this is purely alarmism on my part. 2. That's normal. I think we can be optimistic about a couple of things. Will knows the person (me) because he is a personal friend. Elpidios, Video & Transcript), Communist Infiltrators Planted Pedophiles in the Catholic Church, EPIC - Russians Singing the Book of Revelation (English Subtitles), Fr. Who argues with molecular biologists? I am able to ask a question of my government via a reporter soliciting public input for questions, the same as anyone else from any profession could. About the author: Tom Nichols is a contributing writer at The Atlantic and the author of its newsletter Peacefield. With the localized and the national effect of this scorn toward expertise you probably get this question all the time, but does this attitude that you're describing in your book partly or fully explain where we are today in American politics?TOM NICHOLS: It does partly, and this is where I should also point out that I don't speak for the Navy or the War College. Seraphim Rose Discusses the Jewish Question - Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Englishman Drives Off Satanists and Rescues a 1000-Year-Old Church, When Knights Surrender Their Sword The Problem of Effeminate Men, Married at Age 16, Has 11 Children, Loves Her Husband, Lives in Russia, VIDEO: A Legendary American Monk Who Inspired Christians in Russia - Fr. And that's what the Dunning-Kruger study managed to finally prove, is that the people who are the least intelligent or least aware of, again, where the envelope is, are the most likely to walk off and say, "Nailed it. The American public now has what it wanted. Using the power of ethics to build a better world, [emailprotected] Its late. First, recognize the problem. For my own part, I naively thought at the start of this madness that no one would much care what I said about Trump, at least any more than they did about my previous writing on politics. How Reality Dating Shows Stoke Racial Tensions. Naval War College, and this is a very dangerous trend. What the public does care about, however, is using Afghanistan as raw material for cheap patriotism and partisan attacks (some right and some wrong, but few of them in good faith) on every president since 2001. https://t.co/K6VJM3E79J. By Tom Nichols Hulton Archive / Getty; The Atlantic. If they chose to leave, they would be cowards who abandoned Afghanistan. Nor did Americans ever consider whether or when Afghanistan, as a source of terrorist threats to the U.S., had been effectively neutralized. https://t.co/dEoyBoLbaP, I tweeted him as the mother of a 6-month-old whose European relatives cannot come to America to see her. We ask people to prove themselves.DEVIN STEWART: Egalitarian.TOM NICHOLS: Yes. He picked her question about immigration but again, like I said I can see how appearing on conspiracist Joy Reid's show has rubbed off on you. This, apparently, somehow makes it logical to link illegal immigration with travel bans during a pandemic and not at all just the usual red-meat, nativist bullshit from Fox. I took a golf lesson, and he kept saying: "No, no. I closed my blog as a way of showing everybody that you don't have to express every thought that goes through your head. DEVIN STEWART: Cliff Clavin.TOM NICHOLS: Everybody knows that guy. Because again, I think that is a place whereyou asked me earlier about mistakes that experts make, and I thinkand I will include myself in thiswe do say: "Well, you know, I'm pretty smart. I promise Ill stop talking about the EU travel ban when they reverse it. Its been more than a day, and he just keeps going. First, we will always be able to say that when Trump and his thugs took over the Republican Party and then the elected branches of the United States government, we did not cut and run. By Tom Nichols Juan Carlos / Hans Lucas / Redux August 16, 2021 Kabul has fallen. https://t.co/AgFflqhmZ6, Tom Nichols (@RadioFreeTom) August 2, 2021, They keep saying that who it came from doesnt matter while completely ignoring the part where Baier lied about it. . Honest to God-a real viewer q. I want to think more about how to make this better rather than to keep plumbing the depths to find out how bad it is. Before we get to the global, let's talk about the local. Or try another recommendation from our reading list of books that reveal our anxieties about a warming planet. But win or lose, our goal will become something else. Quinta Jurecic and Benjamin Wittes: The revenge of the Never Trumpers. https://t.co/qIvLRlc7ir. What matters is the hope.. "Well done, media watchdog! Is there any hope?TOM NICHOLS: Yes. Apr 22 Replying to @RadioFreeTom Leave out the lamb and we're good to go! Naval War College and an instructor at the Harvard Extension School. But yes, you're the victim here, not the viewers who had no idea they were getting played by @FoxNews. The goal, of course, is to lodge that association in the viewer's head and *get* ordinary people thinking this. I know you have a tight schedule here. The Trump faithful also accused us of trying to get rich on our Never Trump status. Students should not decide a colleges curriculum. This is very sad. And because we had shopping to do and television to watch and arguments to be had on social media. Pegoda also described The Death of Expertise as "extremely interesting, important, and timely" and said that "Nichols, in short, provides a brief History, informed by psychology and political science, of what he argues is a new phenomenon whereby people in the United States are not just regularly wrong or ignorant but 'proud of not knowing things'". Well never know for certain, because American political and military leaders only tried pieces of several strategies, never a coherent whole, mostly to keep the costs and casualties down and to keep the war off the front pages and away from a public that didnt want to hear about it. Early in 2016, I said (in a conservative magazine, The Federalist, that has since fallen to the Trumpist fever) that I would take Hillary Clinton over Trump. At a minimum, I will join with other civil libertarians to limit the speed and depth with which the president will take us into authoritarianism. Another example I can give you is when I went to a golf coach once. But as comforting as it would be to blame Obama and Trump, we must look inward and admit that we told our elected leadersof both partiesthat they were facing a no-win political test. As Smiley said over his brandy, if my past were still around today, you could say Id failed. But as the election approaches, I prefer to think about my time as a Never Trumper by recalling the old spys final words to those young students: Never mind. Along with almost every member of the elite class. The past is the future: The song Big Iron was a hit in early 1960, but it became an internet meme thanks to Fallout New Vegas, the 2010 entry in one of the greatest science-fiction-video-game franchises of all time, the Fallout series. As they did with all of us in the Never Trump camp, the presidents most fanatical supporters accused me of outright treason. Across the world today, there is active hostility towards experts, says Tom Nichols of the U.S. We want to reunite with our family kept apart by an unscientific, cruel travel ban. The Russians continue to murder both Ukrainians and their own young men for Putins mad scheme. A serious peoplethe kind of people we once werewould have made serious choices, long before this current debacle was upon them. After the worst attack on U.S. soil, Americans had no real interest in adult conversation about the reality of anti-terrorist operations in so harsh an environment as Afghanistan (which might have entailed a presence there long beyond 20 years), nor did they want to think about whether draining the swamp and modernizing and developing Afghanistan (which would mean a lot more than a few elections) was worth the cost and effort. It was a good question. We're just not. The house is airy and bright, and Lauren and Cameron, fingers laced, wander the rooms imagining the life they might have there together. Podcast music: Blindhead and Mick Lexington. That's a keeper." Continuing to write about Trump could mean serious financial hardship. The War in Ukraine Is the End of a World. The election of Petr Pavel is important to Czechsand to Americans. Therefore, you must listen to us about everything." First, insofar as that populist fever seems to have overtaken people running down blind alleys. But mostlyI would say overwhelmingly the letters I've gotten are from professionals, from doctors. "DEVIN STEWART: You talk about how this kind of plays out at dinner parties, where the least informed are the loudest. This is some loony tunes stuff. But apparently the globalizingI don't want to call it "populism"effect of the Information Age, information overload, the broadening of education, and the segmenting of the media clearly has had a global impact on the relationship between experts and lay people.DEVIN STEWART: Are you hinting at a follow-up book?TOM NICHOLS: As the folks who follow me on Twitter point out, I could probably populate an entire annual volume just by collecting things out of my Twitter feed. TOM NICHOLS: The risk is significant, and it's massive. And when there's something that happens, there's an investigation, and here's what we're doing, and here's the public report, and here's why it went wrong, and everybody can calm down." You can be angry with the Court for furthering and enabling this weirdness, but its not the Courts fault. - Explanation by Fr. I dont know how you can insinuate this was some nefarious thing. @BretBaier described you as "a viewer. Now I was accused of legal wrongdoing for expressing my political views as a private citizen. You've witnessed this around the world, as well, in Asia and Europe, this phenomenon of scorn toward the elite and toward expertise. This was a war that was immensely popular at the outset and mostly conducted in full view of the American public. There's much more of a hierarchical respect for expertise and education." relatives in Greece once posed me in a Greek Evzone-soldier costume with my uncle's hunting shotgun. Or alternately, that crushing moment of saying, "Wow, I can't believe I'm this bad of a writer." Listen. Naval War College, where he taught for 25 years, and an instructor at the Harvard Extension School. Tom Nichols (@RadioFreeTom) July 31, 2021. Use your critical thinking skills. Protesters outside the Texas State Capitol building in 2021 . Right on brand -all sides of an issue. For those keeping tabs on Tom Nichols, hes creepily fixated on a woman who wants her family to stop being kept apart by arbitrary rules with no scientific basis. To mock us or use it as a way to dunk on Republicans or Fox News or whatever is incredibly screwed up. It concerns me because I think people misunderstand those previous examples of the failure of expertise. Tom Nichols 's email & phone Current Position: Contributing Writer at The Atlantic Location: Middletown, Rhode Island Experience: 34 years How to contact Tom Nichols Get email address: txxxn@theatlantic.com Phone number: +1-205-xxx-xx47 Last updated: 2022-04-16 Social media: Sign Up to Get Free Contacts Use a Browser Extension Opt-Out The fact, however, is that Europe has far more robust testing and vaccination efforts (and lower incidence of COVID) than other countries whose citizens CAN come to America, like Turkey and Indonesia. I think that's natural, and as I've said many times, I actually think that's a positive part of our culture. Early life and education [ edit] These late conversions to opposing Trump mean nothing, at least to me. For example, in Vietnam, the "best and the brightest" were the people who were generically smart but not experts. What I do know is that, regardless of what any one of us does individually, two aspects of the Never Trump movement will outlast Trump. "TOM NICHOLS: Right. Across the world today, there is active hostility towards experts, says Tom Nichols of the U.S. Rather than people even challenging me or arguing with me about important issues, people were simply saying, "No, no, let me explain your area of specialization back to you," and that, I think, is a new wrinkle.DEVIN STEWART: Is it because they have access to more information on the Internet? They need to be more transparent, and they need to be more confident. Tom is related to Jill Renea Nichols and Amanda Rea Broome as well as 2 additional people. Just because Tom Nichols doesn't care doesn't mean no one else does. Yes, the founders of the anti-Trump Lincoln Project are now taking in lots of donationsbut that was after burning personal and financial bridges to the Republican Party that sustained them and built their handsome homes over the years. There is nothing nefarious about this. But I didnt run the first time Trump was elected, and I wont run if it happens again. Was the question valid or not, Tom? Tom Nichols (academic) P. Christos Papadimitriou; Stephanos Papadopoulos; Helen Z. Papanikolas; Alexander Payne; George Pelecanos; Nicole Petallides; Harry Mark Petrakis; Terry Phillips; Just because Tom Nichols doesnt care doesnt mean no one else does. (2/2). Naval War College and an adjunct at the Harvard Extension School. Submit them on camera here by replying to this tweet on Twitter & you may just end up on @FoxNews. And it's humbling. New York, NY 10065, 2023 Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters, book on anti-intellectualism in American life. But maybe you should rewatch Minority Report insteadSteven Spielbergs prescient 2002 thriller is as chilling as ever (and widely available on streaming services). Period. Baier was understandably puzzled as to why Nichols was getting so bent out of shape: I asked a lot of questions Tom-that 1 was from a viewer who was concerned about migrants coming across the southern border while restrictions prevent their family from getting together. I don't think anybody should be doing that with the president, but I do think if someone says: "You're about to meet Vladimir Putin. The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters is a 2017 nonfiction book by Tom Nichols. There are some people, Smiley said at a dinner among young recruits to the Secret Service, who, when their past is threatened, get frightened of losing everything they thought they had, and perhaps everything they thought they were as well. My tweet had a ton of replies from other #LoveIsNotTourism families asking, too. Now I dont feel that one bit. He found Nichols' explanations of the reasons for the current situation as "successful on some accounts and less so on others", but his review was generally positive ("Nichols clearly identifies multiple sources of the erosion of the belief in experts and their prominence in today's society"). CJ Ciaramella (@cjciaramella) July 31, 2021. Baier, apparently not realizing Carmichael has already owned the planted question and said so publicly on Twitter, doubles down: Carmichael, unfortunately, now inadvertently rats out Baier or whoever tacked on the immigration bullshit and plays the victim (which is a very savvy political consultant move, I guess). But interestingly enough, I think, again, it's that problem of metacognition. I could barely lift it.). And all kinds of things could go wrong, all kinds of things. [4] Andrew Joseph Pegoda disagreed on the last point, writing that The Death of Expertise "does what good books do and provides some possible solutions". Have just been notified that hes on day 3 of talking about me #BloomWhereYoureLaunderedandPlanted pic.twitter.com/MUv15aMssw, Ellen Carmichael (@ellencarmichael) August 2, 2021. I think experts need to understand that the world is moving very fast, and that for the average lay person this is very anxiety-inducing that the world moves pretty quickly, and that we should take a little time to explain ourselves to our client, which is society. In The Death of Expertise, Nichols condemns what he describes as the many forces trying to undermine the authority of experts in the United States. And all the guys in the bar are going, "Yeah, you're awesome, dude. The purpose of my life was to end the time I lived in., With a bit more pensiveness, Smiley adds: Or perhaps our troubles are just beginning.. All Rights Reserved. The two flaws are that the book does have a heavy American focus; the chapter about universities really talks about American universities. "DEVIN STEWART: You should. [5], Michiko Kakutani in The New York Times stated that The Death of Expertise "turns out to be an unexceptional book about an important subject. He said point-blank: "The experts are no good. I would take more of an international perspective on it now that I am more aware of how much of an international phenomenon this is. And finally I turned to him, and I said, "Dude, if I could do that, if I could see why I'm doing this wrong, I wouldn't be paying you." I think that Russia's larger goal is to divorce the United States from NATO and to take NATO apart. It's great. Naval War College, and this is a very dangerous trend. That's kind of weird. Tom Nichols (@RadioFreeTom) December 13, 2022 If you really want to piss off Musk, stay here and ignore him and the trolls. De Tocqueville talks about it, that it's this kind of egalitarian streak in American culture, and it does lapse into anti-intellectualism. Tom Nichols (@RadioFreeTom) February 21, 2023 Tom wrote a whole thread about how people in East Jesus, USA, are obsessed with people like him, because Tom doesn't care what people in East. They head off expressions of this kind of social disapproval by being aggressive and performative, daring anyone to criticize them for feeling the need to be armed while getting milk and eggs at the supermarket. "DEVIN STEWART: And that's a fact.TOM NICHOLS: That's empirically demonstrable; 99 percent of day traders go broke.DEVIN STEWART: Going back to the U.S. foreign-policy establishment, play us through a scenario here. Many of us instead held firm and made the case for democracy and the rule of law from the right flank against our own tribe. What to do about the deadly misfits among us? That's kind of a hedgehog; that's somebody who knows something very deeply and very narrowly, and that does not mean that you're good at everything. (This is where I am duty-bound to remind you that I do not speak in any way for the U.S. government or any of its agencies.) https://t.co/cREfoKUABJ, Stephen L. Miller (@redsteeze) August 2, 2021, A question from a political consultant whose identity he turned into "a viewer" and then according to *her* added material to the question that wasn't hers. "Here, I'm smart, so do everything I say." Or as a writer; when you write something and you step back and you look at that paragraph and you say, "Hey, woo. Tom: This has everything to do with Ellen. If that happens, America will become a different country, and we will all enter the first iteration of an American dictatorship. It's not even in the ballpark. https://t.co/BKflCNL3L1, (Toms referring to Salena Zito, whom hes accused of fabricating sources and stories. I believe that if all of us had caved, Trump would now be much closer to victory, not just at the polls, but over the Constitution itself. Thats an awfully elitist attitude, Tom. Several years ago, Tom Nichols started writing a book about ignorance and unreason in American public discourseand then he watched it come to life all around him, in ways starker than he had imagined. What I think we're getting with a lot of the folks in this administrationand I hope I'm wrongare people who have kind of a generally smart record in some very narrow areas like finance or manipulation of money in New York City and saying, "Well, that makes me smart." (For the record, I have received zero compensation for my association with the Lincoln Project, but I hope the owners of the organization get plenty rich. The experience of fighting taught the Never Trumpers how much the president had poisoned the Republican Party and long ago exposed the character of many of our former comrades. This kind of affirmation of cultural norms can be a lot more powerful than any law, and I suspect that the gun-culture extremists know it. I was at my church's annual Greek festival, about to grab some souvlaki and baklava with my young daughter, when my phone rang. We all paid for our dissent, in various ways. You're just supposed to unwind your swing like this." DEVIN STEWART: As some final advice for us, what can we do about it? https://t.co/e3E8svjYRu. Have you seen Breitbart? a colleague asked. Stephen L. Miller (@redsteeze) September 15, 2021. I'm pretty good at what I do. Yes, but the point is to command the viewer's unthinking assent by implying that "many ordinary people are thinking this. Show your support by disabling ad-block (How), Buy AD-FREE ACCESS here, for only $19 / yr. Disabling adblock for a specific site just takes a couple of clicks. Ukraine needs any weapon its troops can learn to use, including tanks, to hold the line on the international order and the worlds safety. "[6], Joshua Huminski of the Diplomatic Courier described the book as "timely", citing Donald Trump's statements on climate change and Pew Research surveys regarding genetically modified organisms. Tom, thanks for coming.TOM NICHOLS: Thanks for having me, Devin.DEVIN STEWART: So what is the death of expertise?TOM NICHOLS: It's really the death of the idea of expertise. When my friendsincluding the few I have left among the conservativesask what the Never Trumpers will do now, I say with all honesty that I am not sure. And I think experts fall into that. Dont take my word for it that things have changed. It is, as usual, our fault, as voters and citizens, for tolerating a culture that is endangering our fellow Americans instead of insisting that all of us exercise our constitutional rights like responsible adults.
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