Western false hellebore (Veratrum californicum) fed to ewes on gestation days 10 to 15 caused cyclopian-type teratological effects (Binns et al., 1962, 1964; Shupe and James, 1983). Clintonia uniflora. Corm is very useful. WebLiliaceae comprises 50 genera and approximately 600 species of flowering plants with many of them been used as spices and vegetables. Of the cut flowers, 57% are used for the domestic market in the Netherlands and the remainder exported. Genes | Free Full-Text | A Comparative Analysis of the Smilax glyciphylla. (2006), Hayashi and Kawano (2000), Patterson and Givnish (2002), and Tamura (1998a,b), Naturally Occurring Cyclotryptophans and Cyclotryptamines, Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, African Medicinal Spices and Vegetables and Their Potential in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome, http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Allium_sativum_%28PROTA%29, http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/allium-sativum-garlic, Toxicity and Beneficial Effects of Some African Plants on the Reproductive System, Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants. Cyclopian terata has been observed in foals born to mares that graze V. eschscholtzii (Shupe and James, 1983). [85] However, the name 'lily' has historically been applied to a wide variety of plants other than the genus Lilium. Name the types of nitrogenous bases present in the RNA. AD. A thorny climbing under-shrub with cladodes and fasiculated roots. Elaine M Aldred BSc (Hons), DC, Lic Ac, Dip Herb Med, Dip CHM, Kenneth Vall, in Pharmacology, 2009. Economic Importance 4. In addition to its beneficial effects against MetS, this spice has a great medicinal value (see details in Chapter15). Three viruses are common in lilies, these are lily mottle virus (LMoV), lily virus X (LVX), and lily symptomless virus (LVS). Calochortus lyallii. ): two Liliaceous "root" foods of the Northwest Coast Indians", "An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", "The Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Flowering Plants", "Evolution of the angiosperms: calibrating the family tree", "Age and biogeography of major clades in Liliales", Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consequently, there are many different accounts of the Liliaceae in the literature and older uses of the term occur commonly. Liliaceae - World of Flowering Plants They are monocotyledonous, perennial, [51][52] In modern times tulip breeders have produced varieties that mimic the effect of the virus, without being infected. Taxonomists have struggled with lily-like flowers, originally lumping them together as a conglomerate Lily family encompassing about 250 genera and 3,700 species. Liliaceae are widely distributed, mainly in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and the flowers are insect pollinated. To distinguish between them, the Latin terms sensu lato and sensu stricto are frequently used (together with their abbreviations, s.l. [63] Erythronium is less common but a popular cultivar is 'Pagoda' with its sulphur yellow flowers. Research progress of Ypsilandra thibetica, a medicinal plant of Liliaceae It was shown that raw garlic extract significantly improves insulin sensitivity while attenuating MetS and oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats for 8weeks (Padiya etal.,2011; Panickar,2013). WebThe following are the major vegetative characteristics of the family Liliaceae. This review article includes 195 medicinal plants form various plant families. The name "Liliaceae" (English: /lliesi, -sia, -sie, -sii/) comes to international scientific vocabulary from New Latin, from Lilium, the type genus, + -aceae,[47] a standardized suffix for plant family names in modern taxonomy. 1999, 2nd 2002) (3 ed.). They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. The infection causes loss of vigor and poor flower production. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". A. Lilium pardalinum ssp. Pedicellate, small, hermaphrodite, hypogynous, complete, actinomorphic, trimerous, white, bracteate. The Aloe vera leaves are formed by "MONOCOTS V: 5th International Conference on Comparative Biology of Monocotyledons. Bulb offsets usually require at least a year before flowering. Erythronium americanum, trout lily. Fine necrotic lines in the tepals are of considerable value for differential diagnosis. The Netherland produces about 2,200 million lily bulbs annually, of which 96% is used domestically and the remainder exported, principally within the European Union. Echinacea can be taken a number of times a day, as recommended by an herbalist. The seeds are flat and discoid or ellipsoid, the endosperm with aleurone and fatty oils, but no starch. ITIS 16,[43] GRIN 27,[44] WCSP,[45] NCBI,[46] DELTA[19] ) differ on the exact number of genera included in Liliaceae s.s., but generally there are about fifteen to sixteen genera, depending on whether or not Amana is included in Tulipa and Lloydia in Gagea. Its origin from Helobieae or its ancestor may be assumed from floral structures and helobial endosperm formation in some of the genera of Liliaceae as Petrosavia, Protolirion. The Liliaceae consist of perennial herbs. Liliaceae, Lily family. Tulips (Tulipa) also have a long cultural tradition, particularly in the Islamic world. From the acrid resin of Xanthorrhoea sealing wax is prepared. [58][92] Eventually speculative trading in tulips became so intense as to cause a financial bubble which eventually collapsed, a period known as tulip mania (tulipomania), from 1634 to 1637,[93][94] similar to the Ottoman Empire's Tulip era. Which part of the male reproductive system store the sperm? WebPlants of the Lily Family. List of Liliaceae genera - Wikipedia It has been used as a medicinal agent for thousands of years. and Western China. The family has close affinity with Amaryllidaceae from which it can be distinguished by the presence of superior ovary, and absence of corona. Aloe:. When young plants are infected, severe yellowing of leaves or browning of veins in stems may occur. Photographed in New Zealand. LAMIACEAE Also known as Labiatae Opposite leaves, square stems and frequently have essential oils that are fragrant Used for ornamentation, flavor and medicinal use Over 200 genera and 3200 species. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Placentation is axile. Cultivated in winter for bulbs. Economic importance includes several taxa of value as ornamental cultivars, including lilies, Lilium, and tulips, Tulipa. These vary from the large Fritillaria imperialis (crown imperial) available in a number of colours such as yellow or orange, to much smaller species such as Fritillaria meleagris or Fritillaria uva-vulpis with their chequered patterns. [6], Due to the diversity of the originally broadly defined Liliaceae s.l., many attempts have been made to form suprageneric classifications, e.g. whorled, usually sheathing, rarely petiolate, simple, and parallel veined [rarely net-veined]. Symptoms of the disease include chlorotic flecks, oval lesions and streaks, appearing early in the season. Share Your PDF File Other members of the family used for food include Clintonia (leaves), Medeola (roots), Erythronium (corms), and Fritillaria (bulbs).[84]. Can cockroaches be fused together with their Brain Juice? Luzuriaga. Tongue Reservoir. Michael G. Simpson, in Plant Systematics (Second Edition), 2010. Medicinal Plants 4, Issue 6, Part B. V. Liliaceae - Wikipedia I. Fritillaria biflora, chocolate lily, flower. Calochortus apiculatus. Liliaceae Medicinal Plants Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 3. By contrast, the Netherlands is the leading international producer, to the extent of 4 billion bulbs per annum. Other bulbs and rhizomes of a number of plants from the Lily family have been consumed after very thorough and proper cooking including Star of Bethlehem A climber with stipular tendrils and reticulate venation. Mottling or striping of the leaves also occurs. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. [40] While some genera are shade-dwelling, such as the Medeoleae, and Streptopoideae, Tricyrtis, and Cardiocrinum, others prefer a more open habitat. It can be found wherever lilies are grown. The latter are used, in turn, to meet the demand for bulbs for parks, gardens, and home use and, secondly, to provide the necessary bulbs for cut flower production. Ethnomedicinal Plants used in Maharashtra for Treatment of Alstroemeriaceae. Ashwagandha and Atropa belladonna are medicinal plants of Solanaceae which is a dicot family. He has included Allium, Agapanthus in the family Amaryllidaceae of his order Amaryllidales; Yucca, Dracaena, Sanseuiera, Phormium in the family Agavaceae of his order Agavales; Xanthorrhoea in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae of his order Agavales. It includes ornamental plants such as lilies, tulips, medicinal plants, e.g. Scoliopus, Erythronium and Gagea) have seeds with an aril structure that are dispersed by ants (myrmecochory).[6]. The virus can be transmitted nonpersistently by aphids. The ovary matures as a capsule or a berry with 3 to numerous seeds. Considerable progress in plant phylogeny and phylogenetic theory enabled a phylogenetic tree to be constructed for all of the flowering plants, as elaborated by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998).[6]. The overy is positioned superior and consists of 3 united carpels, as indicated by the same number of stigmas. Seed collecting and identification - 35. and riceroot (Fritillaria spp. They also form a significant part of the cut flower market, in particular Tulipa and Lilium. Quite a few members of the Liliaceae have been used for food but one must be aware of potential DEADLY LOOK ALIKES The following table shows information from the incredible resource Encyclopedia of Edible Plants of North America by Francois Couplan (1998). Habitat They are monocotyledonous plants. Herreria. Endospermic; endosperm horny or cartilagenous. The Liliales is a fairly large group of monocotyledons that include 10 families (Table 7.2). The disease may suddenly appear when the plants are planted out during frost or when planted early at high temperatures after storage on a standing ground. Mulethi is a medicinal plant of Fabaceae [4][5], The diversity of characteristics complicates any description of the Liliaceae morphology, and confused taxonomic classification for centuries. Also fungi, viruses and vertebrate animals such as mice and deer. The lily appears in ancient literature associated with both sovereignty and virginal innocence, and is mentioned on a number of occasions in the Bible, such as the description in Solomon's Song of Songs (2, 12) "I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys. Since interspecific cross-pollination occurs, overlapping wild populations can create natural hybrids. (black mustard, cabbage, broccoli, brussel sprouts, etc. Garlic is widely used as a medicine worldwide and is regarded as an aphrodisiac (http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/allium-sativum-garlic). Artistic representations can be found as far back as frescos from the second century BC, at Amnisos and Knossos. The female gameto-phyte is of the monosporic, Polygonum type or the tetrasporic, Fritillaria type. When symptoms appear, the plants show faint chlorotic spots and sometimes necrotic lesions. Urginea sp. The stems are usually bulbous, rhizom-atous in some. [71][72][73] Dogs may develop less serious effects such as gastrointestinal problems and central nervous system depression. See Hayashi and Kawano (2000), Patterson and Givnish (2002), and Tamura (1998a,b). Leaves simple and spirally arranged in most genera. 0 0 Similar questions Currently the APWeb lists fifteen genera, arranged as shown in this table:[2][11]. The Liliaceae are characterized in being perennial, usually bulbous herbs, lacking an onion-like odor, with basal or cau-line leaves, the inflorescence a raceme, umbel or of solitary flowers with a superior ovary. Fritillaria atropurpurea. Aletris. TBV affects color breaking of flowers particularly in late-flowering pink, purple, and red cultivars, while white- and yellow-flowered cultivars are not affected. Fritillaria are also often used as floral emblems, for instance as the county flower of Oxfordshire, UK. It does not store any personal data. Lambs may also be born with tracheal stenosis. The white lily has long been seen as a symbol of purity, coming to be associated with the Virgin Mary in the Middle Ages, from which came the name Madonna lily (Lilium candidum). Being the simplest member identified of the 3a-hydroxycyclotryptamines, representing the N-1 methylated skeleton, the structure is of considerable interest not at least for reference purposes. "Symposium issue: Monocots: comparative biology and evolution (excluding Poales). These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Stamens 6, polyandrous, in two whorls of 3 each, epiphyllous, filament narrow, dilated at the base, anthers dithecous, dorsifixed. WebYpsilandra thibetica belongs to the family Liliaceae. Intensive streaking of lily flower caused by co-infection of LMoV and LSV. [58][89], Tulips were an essential part of the gardens of Persia, having been cultivated from the Steppes. The Solanaceae (also called nightshades) are a family of flower-bearing plants that can be perennials, biennials, or annuals. Tulips are propagated via bulbs, which develop at the base of the bulb of the previous year. Onions are cultivated and used throughout the world. EA202090998A1 - The helobian origin is further supported by the flower construction of Helonias which is similar to the members of Juncaceae. Liliaceae Medicinal Plants. The fruit is a loculicidal, septicidal, or irregularly dehiscent capsule or a berry. Floral Formula Of Liliaceae Partition walls are present, forming an equal number of chambers. medicinal plants of liliaceae family In rats that were made diabetic by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ), a reduction in hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia was observed with garlic, or with a mixture containing garlic, ginger, and turmeric (Madkor etal.,2011). Sego Lily. [23] Classifications published since the use of molecular methods in phylogenetics have taken a narrower view of the Liliaceae (Liliaceae s.s.). Only the Liliaceae are described here. Familiar examples of family Liliaceae are - Toppr Ask A. sativum (Liliaceae), known as garlic is a strongly aromatic bulb crop believed to originate from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. A. porrum is largely used as soup ingredient and vegetable throughout Africa, and is known to possess anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stings, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator, antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, insecticidal, fungicidal properties (Akroum etal.,2009; Auger etal.,2002). Most flowers are large and colourful, except for Medeoleae. HOPS Press, LLC | Dirt Cheap Builder Books Liliaceae: Lily Family. Identify plants and flowers. The family, on account of marked variabilities in cytological, embryological and anatomical structures, appears to be polyphyletic in origin. The roots of Asparagus (H. Satavaer) yields a tonic. LVS does not induce specific symptoms in many cultivars, but reduced growth, small flowers, and lower bulb yields are recorded. First described in 1789, the lily family became a paraphyletic "catch-all" (wastebasket) group of lilioid monocots that did not fit into other families and included a great number of genera now included in other families and in some cases in other orders. The relative stereochemistry is revealed from the X-ray structure as cis-annelation of the pyrrolidine rings. Allium sativum (Liliaceae), known as garlic, is a strongly aromatic bulb crop believed to originate from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Western China (http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Allium_sativum_%28PROTA%29). Liliaceae is regarded as a typical monocot family and represents the basic monocot stock from which many families have arisen. Tulips originated from Central Asia and include about 100 different species. Tricarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, trilocular, axile placentation, 2 ovules per loculus; style short filiform, stigma minute. L,M. Broken down in cooking and food preparation in the gut to produce isothiocyanates and other products. The style is solitary; stigmas are 3, tri-lobed or with 3 crests. B. Lilium sp., with erect flower. Alline is optically active ([]D+136.3 in CHCl3) but the absolute configuration seems to be undetermined. One of the better-known novels on tulips is The Black Tulip by Alexandre Dumas, pre in 1850, dealing with a contest to grow a black tulip in late seventeenth-century Haarlem. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Give an example. Each extract potentiated acetylcholine-induced uterine contractions in a concentration dependent manner significantly (p<0.05). [59][60], Original Tulipa species can be obtained for ornamental purposes, such as Tulipa tarda and Tulipa turkestanica. F,G. Liliaceae Liliaceae", "The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval", "Punctuated genome size evolution in Liliaceae", "Chromosome diversity and evolution in Liliaceae", "Camas (Camassia spp.) Smith's Fairybells. Botanical name Family Common name Plant part used Medicinal value Liliaceae Satavari Root High fever, antioxidant, sexual weakness 16 genera/ ca. [88] Whatever its exact derivation, it has come to be associated with France and the French monarchy since the earliest Frankish kings. In India, garlic is used to relieve problems, such as coughs and fevers or applied externally to prevent graying of hair andto improve skin conditions, such as eczema and scabies as well as to treat tetanus andlungs inflammation (http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/allium-sativum-garlic). plantlets for propagation and bulb formation", "Multiplication of Tulip Bulb by Tissue Culture in vitro", "Mode of action and toxicology of plant toxins and poisonous plants", "Symbolism of plants: examples from European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art. Yeast: Origin, Reproduction, Life Cycle and Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, How is Bread Made Step by Step? Most showy monocot flowers with parts in threes belong to the Lily family or one of its allies. By Franz J. Nienhaus. Answer Now and help others. Examples include tulips, onions, lilies, etc. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Amaryllidaceae: Characters, Distribution and Types, Comparison between Liliaceae and Musaceae, Asteraceae: Characters, Distribution and Types. Primitive Living Skills | Outdoor Wilderness Living School, LLC However, the absence of studies on their chloroplast genomes and chromatography has considerably hindered the study of their evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships. From: Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 2013, J.D.D. Infected plants do not necessarily show symptoms, since the virus may be confined to the roots. Almost 10 million tons of garlic are produced each year with China, Korea, India,USA, Spain, Egypt, and Turkey being the worlds largest producers (http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/allium-sativum-garlic). Its whole plant has the medicinal functions of heat-clearing and detoxifying, relieving congestion and other effects, and is All the extracts have resulted in significant (p<0.05) reduction in the number of implants when compared with their respective controls. Both Lilium and Tulipa are susceptible to a group of five viruses of the family Potyviridae, specifically the potyvirus (named for potato virus Y) group, which includes the tulip-breaking virus (TBV) and the lily streak virus (lily mottle virus, LMoV) resulting in 'breaking' of the color of the flowers. Both the petals and sepals are usually similar and appear as two concentric groups (whorls) of 'petals', that are often striped or multi-coloured, and produce nectar at their bases. Share Your Word File The main producer of tulip bulbs is the Netherlands, a country that accounts for 87% of the global cultivated area, with approximately 12,000 hectares. A berry (Asparagus, Smilax), capsule (Asphodelus). Welcome to BiologyDiscussion! The largest genera are Gagea (200), Fritillaria (130), Lilium (110), and Tulipa (75 species), all within the tribe Lilieae. 2. JUNE: Lilies", "How A Turkish Blossom Enflamed the Dutch Landscape". shastense, with pendant flower. [83] During World War II, starvation conditions in the Netherlands (Hongerwinter, hunger winter 1944) led to using Tulipa bulbs as food. L. Whole flower. Common Garlic constituents with beneficial effects in reducing risk factors associated with MetS have been identified. WebSolution. Some species (e.g. It is also close to Juncaceae as in both the seeds have albumen but differs from Juncaceae in petaloid perianth. Aloe vera, a member of the Liliaceae family, is a perennial plant with turgid green leaves joined at the stem in a rosette pattern. Tamokou, V. Kuete, in Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa, 2017. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge The Liliaceae are characterised as monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, bulbous (or rhizomatous in the case of Medeoleae)[7] flowering plants with simple trichomes (root hairs) and contractile roots. A. sativum has been and continues to be subject of particular research interests for scientists of various fields with more than 5000 scientific publications recorded in Pubmed, related to the keyword A. sativum (Fig. The colorful flowers produce large amounts of nectar and pollen that attract insects which pollinate them (entomophily), particularly bees and wasps (hymenopterophily), butterflies (psychophily) and moths (phalaenophily). Mostly herbs (Asphodelus), perennating by rhizome (Aloe), bulb (Lilium, Tulipa, Allium), tree (Dracena), climber (Asparagus, Smilax), xerophytic plants like Yucca, Aloe; cladodes in Asparagus and Ruscus. [30], Many other botanists echoed Lindley's earlier concerns about the phylogeny of the Liliaceae, but various schemes to divide the family gained little traction. Some species are poisonous if eaten and can have adverse health effects in humans and household pets. Breeding programs have produced a wide range of tulip types, enabling blooming through a much longer season by creating early, mid- and late spring varieties. Within these genera a wide range of cultivars have been developed by breeding and hybridisation. What do you mean by permeability of membrane? The color variation is caused by local fading, intensification, or accumulation of pigments in the upper epidermal layer after development of the normal flower color. The gynoecium is syncarpous, with a superior ovary, 3 carpels, and 3 locules. Thomas J. Elpel's Web World Pages This gives brassicas their peppery taste. It is commonly called Lily family. Montana. Medicinal Angiosperms of Liliaceae | SpringerLink The development of a phylogenetic approach to taxonomy suggested the Liliales formed some of the earliest monocots. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): Brassica spp. Underground tunicated bulb, extremely reduced to a conical disc like structure. In the Liliaceae only one cyclotryptamine is known. As he saw it, the Liliaceae were already paraphyletic ("catch-all"), being all Liliales not included in the other orders, but hoped that the future would reveal some characteristic that would group them better. Montana. Foliar vein clearing or intercostal light green stripes may develop as well. Various authorities (e.g. E. Ovary cross-section, showing three carpels and locules. WebThe List of Liliaceae genera has been much reduced by modern molecular phylogenetic based taxonomy.The current taxonomy of Liliaceae treats the family Liliaceae as having Note nectary at base of tepal. A. cepa is cultivated by about 170 countries for domestic use and about 8% of the global production is traded internationally. Characteristics often vary by habitat, between shade-dwelling genera (such as Prosartes, Tricyrtis, Cardiocrinum, Clintonia, Medeola, Prosartes, and Scoliopus) and sun loving genera. While predominantly depicted as white, those seen at Akrotiri are red lilies. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Fritillaria imperialis, Fritillaria meleagris) bulbs contain poisonous neurotoxic alkaloids such as imperialin (peiminine),[75][76][77] which may be deadly if ingested in quantity, while other species such as Fritillaria camschatcensis and Fritillaria affinis are edible. G. Trillium grandiflorum. By the sixteenth century it was a national symbol, hence the designation "Tulip era", by which time they were becoming of economic importance.[58]. Associated with decreased risk of cancer. Which types of bacteria are used in Bt-cotton? The virus is transferred to the roots specifically adhering to the zoospores of the chytridiomycete Olpidium brassicae. The leaves are generally simple and elongated with veins parallel to the edges, arranged singly and alternating on the stem, but may form a rosette at the base of the stem. Rat poison is obtained from Urginea and the bulbs of Scilla. C. Tulipa sp., tulip. About Tom | Green University, LLC The embryo sac is of the Fritillaria type. A. sativum was domesticated long ago and is mentioned in ancient Egyptian, Greek, Indian, and Chinese writings. The closest sister family to the Liliaceae are the Smilacaceae with the Liliaceae separating 52 million years ago. [6][9] Tulipa and Gagea provide examples of ornamental geophyte biomorphological types representing continental thermoperiodic zones (Irano-Turanian region), characterised by cessation of underground growth at high temperatures in early summer and requiring low winter temperatures for spring flowering. Liliaceae are subject to a wide variety of diseases and pests, including insects, such as thrips, aphids, beetles and flies. Other leading producers include Japan, France and Poland. abstract. Other effects of garlic or extracts include reducing blood pressure and total cholesterol and increasing HDL in spontaneously hypertensive rats (Preuss etal.,2001), diabetic rats (Eidi etal.,2006), or normal rats (Mehrzia etal.,2006), improving endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats (Baluchnejadmojarad etal.,2003), and lowering glucose levels in fructose-fed insulin-resistant rats (Jalal etal.,2007). GI. Sepals and petals usually identical. Ashphodelus, Aloe. At that time, the undesirable viral cause of the spectacular flower breaking was not yet known. In Africa, garlic is used as an antibiotic, and it has a reputation for lowering bloodpressure and cholesterol, and inhibiting thrombus formation (http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Allium_sativum_%28PROTA%29). Breaking symptoms have been described as bars, stripes, streaks, featherings, or flames of different colors on petals (Figure 58).
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