Some school's results have been altered by retroactive NCAA penalties. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. Archie Griffin College Stats, School, Draft, Gamelog, Splits | College Football at Sports-Reference.com Archie Griffin School: Ohio State Position: RB Heisman Voting : 5th in 1973, 1st in 1974, 1st in 1975 Draft: 1st round, 24th overall of the 1976 NFL draft by the Cincinnati Bengals Archie Griffin Overview Archie Griffin NFL Stats On this page: Archie's nephew, Kevin Griffin, also played running back, wide receiver and cornerback for the Buckeyes from 1994-98, and was a valuable member of special teams. The brothers had started an athletic shoe business, but it failed, leaving them in debt. The Archie and Bonita Griffin Scholarship to help coaches master the art of making champions BY ROBIN CHENOWETH Archie Griffin remembers climbing into the back of a mile-long El Camino in the early '70s and settling onto artificial turf, cut to line the steel bed. As an adviser,Griffin earned a yearly salaryof $175,000. He was briefly a member of the Jacksonville Bulls of the United States Football League after being released by the Cincinnati Bengals. Archie Griffin played from 1976 to 1985 during his career with the Cincinnati Bengals and Jacksonville Bulls. Archie Griffin. Latest on RB Archie Griffin including news, stats, videos, highlights and more on NFL.com (Photo by Focus on Sport/Getty Images). He's since recovered financially, landing jobs within Ohio State's athletic department. After finishing his career with Bengals, he played with the Jacksonville Bulls of the United States Football League. The most prestigious award in college football. In 1975, Griffin became the first player ever to win a second Heisman. Do you have a sports website? This did not discourage him; he came stronger and even won the Iron Buckeye award for the winter of 2013. As a matter of policy, Sports Reference only reports the results of games as played on the field. In the 1976 NFL Draft, he was the first-round draft choice of the Cincinnati Bengals, selected as the 24th overall pick in the draft. Born in Columbus, Ohio, Griffin rushed for 1,787 yards and scored over 170 points in 11 games, including 29 touchdowns, as a senior fullback at Eastmoor High in Columbus in 1971. Archie Goodwin Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft Status and more Formerly, he served as Assistant Athletic Director for The Ohio State University and still speaks to the football team before every game. He broke his own record as a sophomore with 246 rushing yards in a game against the Iowa Hawkeyes. The net worth of Archie Griffin is estimated to be $3 million. He has remained around the college football world since he retired, though not inc coaching roles. He was elected to the National Football Foundation and College Hall of Fame in 1986. Browse our Ohio State Archie Griffin College Jersey, Size: S M L XL XXL XXXL, You Can Get the up-to-date in Ohio State Items including Authentic, Women's, Youth, plus size Home, Away Archie Griffin Jerseys at Out Online Retail Outlet 24-7. He was one of a line of talented Griffin brothers,. Do you have a blog? Career rushing statistics Honors Griffin finished fifth in the Heisman vote in his sophomore year and won the award as a junior and senior. Furthermore, Archie was born in Columbus, Ohio, and identifies as an American of black ethnicity. Archie attended Eastmoor High School in Columbus, where he wanted to play for the school football team. The Life And Career Of David Klingler (Story), The Life And Career Of Carl Pickens (Story), The Life And Career Of Anthony Muoz (Story), The Life And Career Of Jack "Throwin' Samoan" Thompson (Story), What Happened To Chris Henry? He played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Cincinnati Bengals. Archie Griffin |Bio, Age, Career, Net worth, Wife, Kids, Height, Awards Archie Griffin is the only college footballerin the history of college football to win Heisman Trophy twice. . . Griffin served as the program's Associate Athletic Director, as well as the CEO of the Ohio State University Alumni Association for 11 years. RELATED: What Happened to Joe Germaine and Where is He Now? He watched every Ohio State game he possibly could and was in disbelief that people thought Griffin was the best RB in college football. Since 1987, they have been living happily with each other. However, it was hard for Archies father to raise this big family. If they know anything more, its that he left college football with many records, was the first player to play in four Rose Bowls, and (like many college greats . While he appeared to be in line for a successful NFL career, his fortunes quickly turned. According to archived New York Times articles, he and his brother, Ray Griffin, who also played at Ohio State, and other members of the Bengals, "filed for personal bankruptcy after a three-year venture, involving six athletic shoe stores, failed." To this day, he remains the only player in college football history to win the Heisman Trophy in consecutive seasons (1974 . (Complete Story), The Life And Career Of Cris Collingsworth (Complete Story). His other children likely chose a different path from him. Bengals Draft Bust #7: Archie Griffin - Cincy Jungle Archie attended Eastmoor High School in Columbus, Ohio. As college football's only two-time Heisman Trophy winner, he is considered one of the greatest college football players of all time. Archie Griffin '76 is looking forward to seeing a third generation of Griffins play in Ohio Stadium when his grandson takes the field this fall. Griffin also has three grandsons: Kamron, Diante, and Adrien. Draft: Cincinnati Bengals in the 1st round (24th overall) of the 1976 NFL Draft. Weight: 189 His 924 runs between 1972-75 are almost 200 more than J.K. Dobbins in 2019, which is No. His son Andre served as an assistant football coach at Saginaw Valley State University. He had 6,559 all-purpose yards and scored 26 touchdowns. Relatives: BrothersKeithGriffin, RayGriffin, PFR HOF Monitor: 15.80 (304th among RB, average HOF RB is 106.95). Griffin also was a two-time pick as National Player of the Year by both United Press International and the Walter Camp Foundation. How did Archie Griffin win the Heisman twice? Over his four-year collegiate career, Griffin rushed for at least 100 yards in 34 games, including an NCAA record 31 consecutive games. So far, Archie Griffin is the only college footballer ever to win two Heisman Trophy. Career rushing statistics Honors Griffin finished fifth in the Heisman vote in his sophomore year and won the award as a junior and senior. College Career of Archie Griffin Griffin wanted to go to Northwestern University, but he was persuaded to join Ohio State instead. Home Leagues Seasons Teams Players Coaches Drafts Awards Leaderboards. Griffin played seven seasons in the NFL with the Cincinnati Bengals. Griffin finished fifth in the Heisman vote in his sophomore year and won the award as a junior and senior. While he appeared to be in line for a successful NFL career, his fortunes quickly turned. This was the sole reason why he was rejected from the school team, but he was dedicated to becoming fit and healthy, so he started to work out at young age to attain that athletic figure. Subscribe to Stathead Football: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Pro Football Reference Database. Griffin won the 1974 Heisman easily (by 1,101 votes) and despite lesser stats in 1975 (including just four rushing touchdowns),. 1 ranking and a Big Ten title. Over his four-year collegiate career, Griffin rushed for at least 100 yards in 34 games, including an NCAA record 31 consecutive games. Four; Adam Griffin, Anthony, Andre & Adam Griffin, Three; Kamron, Diante, and Adrien Grifffin. Griffin was so good at Ohio State University that he became the first, and still only, two-time Heisman Trophy winner. Picked up in the 2021 NFL draft, the player has already made his mark in the league>>>. The NFL legend currently serves as an assistant coach at Ohio Northern University and was previously the Head Coach at Lima Senior High School. Archie Griffin, Ohio State: This list wasn't the easiest to put together, or rank, but I never had much trouble figuring out who would be at No. 1st in 1975, Draft: 1st round, 24th overall of the 1976 NFL draft by the Cincinnati Bengals, Every Sports Reference Social Media Account, Site Last Updated: Saturday, March 4, 6:41AM. In 1972, Griffin was a T-formation halfback, and from 1973 through 1975, he was the team's I-formation tailback. Archie Griffin of Ohio State holds up two fingers as he poses with the Heisman Trophy after he was named winner of the coveted bronze trophy for the second time in a row. His fathers effort was worth it, as Griffins family is now a legacy at Ohio State University, where Archie and his brothers have made major contributions to college football. Griffin is a son of Margaret and James Griffin. [3], Griffin played for the Ohio State University Buckeyes from 1972-75. When he won a starting position his freshman year, many sophomores were disappointed because Griffin took their spot. See our list of forfeits and vacated games for more details. The NFL legend, Archie Mason Griffin, was born in Columbus, Ohio, on August 21, 1954. That year he led Eastmoor to the Columbus City League championship, rushing for 267 yards on 31 carries in the title game against Linden-McKinley High School. Archie Griffin Bio : NFL, Career & Wife[2023 Update] - Players Bio Archie Griffin Stats | The Football Database He served over a decade as the President and CEO of the OSU Alumni Association. (College Stats), Weighted Career AV (100-95-): 37 (2874th overall since 1960). Griffin is famously . His grandchild, Diant Griffin, announced in April 2022 that he is accepting the agreement from Ohio State University to play for its football team. The Cincinnati Bengals selected him with the 24th overall pick with the hopes of him being a professional football star, too. Three points are awarded for first place on a ballot, with two points for second place and one point for third place. His brothers are named Jimmy, Larry, Daryle, Duncan, Raymond (former NFL cornerback who for a time was a teammate with the Bengals), and Keith who also played in the NFL. This embarked on Griffins NFL journey, and he played for seven years (19761982), all with the Bengals. "You asked what I've been doing, and I'll be honest with you, I've been playing a lot of golf. Ohio State football: Two-time Heisman winner Archie Griffin - 247Sports Eastmoor Academy renamed their playing field "Archie Griffin Field" in his honor. Apart from this, he was honored on January 1, 2014, in recognition of the 100th Rose Bowl Game, and participated in the Rose Parade on January 2, 2014. Currently, he serves as a BOD for Motorists Insurance, through which he earns a decent sum as salary. 45 was retired at halftime of the Ohio State vs. Penn State game on Oct. 30, 1999. Archie Mason Griffin Born: August 21, 1954 Columbus, OH USA Position: RB Height: 5'9" Weight: 189 College: Ohio St. High School: Eastmoor Academy (Columbus, OH) USFL Career: 1985 Drafted: 1976 in Round 1, #24 overall by the Cincinnati Bengals More: Archie Griffin complete pro stats Griffin - who would become known simply as Archie to the Buckeye fanbase - starred at Columbus Eastmoor, scoring 29 touchdowns as a senior. Archie, who was born in Columbus, Ohio, additionally claims that he is an American of African descent. (Photo by Jodi Miller) For a century now, Ohio Stadium has been a magical place. Archie Griffin - Career Statistics; Archie Griffin - College Was Where It Was At; Other Free Encyclopedias; Famous Sports Stars Football Archie Griffin Biography - Growing Up, College Success Follows High School Success, Chronology, The Pros, College Was Where It Was At - SELECTED WRITINGS BY GRIFFIN: Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: ecf-maryline-cherri.com Ecf maryline cherri - arles chteaurenard st-martin-de-crau Griffin signed with Ohio State and was the Buckeyes starting tailback for four years, leading Ohio State to a 40-5-1 record and four Big Ten titles between 1972 and 1975. 1 when I was finished. Griffin had 691 carries for 2,808 yards, 192 catches for 1,607 yards, and scored 13 touchdowns. In addition to two Heisman Trophies, Griffin also has a pair of Silver Footballs. He is college football's only two-time Heisman Trophy winner. College Football at Sports-Reference.com Blog and Articles. Griffin played in Super Bowl XVI with the Bengals after the 1981 season. After retiring from the NFL, Archie Griffin promptly returned to Ohio State University. As an adviser, Griffin earned a yearly salary of $175,000. Archie Griffin was born on August 21, 1954, in Columbus, Ohio, the United States to Margaret and James Griffin and grew along with six brothers and sisters. ARCHIE GRIFFIN Griffin, Archie Mason Height: 5-9 Weight: 188 Born: August . Every Sports Reference Social Media Account, Site Last Updated: Friday, March 3, 2:32PM. Griffin also serves on the Board of Directors for Motorists Insurance which has offices in downtown Columbus, Abercrombie and Fitch, and the National Football Foundation and College Hall of Fame, based in Irving, Texas. In 1987, he was promoted to Assistant Athletic Director. Former Ohio State head coach Woody Hayes said of Griffin, "He's a better young man than he is a football player, and he's the best football player I've ever seen."[4]. Now, 40 years later, some key players look back at those days and that achievement. Archie Griffin has not been elected into the Hall of Fame. The Life And Career Of Archie Griffin (Story) Learn more about our campaign to save USFL video, then check out the USFL Video Library Preservation GoFundMe campaign. But before we get into it, lets look at some quick facts about him. At 5-9 and 180 pounds, Griffin was small by college football standards even then, but he played with the heart of a lion and no football accomplishment was beyond his reach. Archie Griffin will go down as one of the best running backs in Ohio State history, posting more than 4,700 yards rushing in his final three seasons with 23 rushing touchdowns. High School: Eastmoor Academy (Columbus, OH) Far from a one-man feat. Join the Save the USFL Video Archive Facebook group for updates. Griffin was then a senior advisor for the Ohio State Office of Advancement and still attends the Heisman Trophy ceremonies in New York. Archie Griffin in the 'Shoe-Ohio State AlumniMagazine After two impressive seasons as a freshman and sophomore, Griffin truly took off as a junior. That year, he led Eastmoor to the Columbus City League championship, rushing for 267yards on 31 carries in the title game against Linden-McKinley High School. But unfortunately, Adam faced a shoulder injury in 2013, which marked the end of his football career before it even started. All rights reserved. 24 overall. His incredible football abilities stunned the people who questioned Griffins athleticism. Archie Griffin - WikiMili, The Best Wikipedia Reader The official source for NFL news, video highlights, fantasy football, game-day coverage, schedules, stats, scores and more. Don't miss a story! He was awarded the Heisman award for the second time for his contribution. pic.twitter.com/zq8sbXYH0v, The Pilot Boys Podcast (@pilotboyspod) December 11, 2019. He started in four-consecutive Rose Bowls, the only player ever to do so, and was a three-time first-team All-American. Archie was unstoppable in his college, smashing records upon records. 3 national ranking on his way to winning the first of two Heisman Trophies. Griffin was honored with a place in the High School Hall of Fame in 1996. Griffin won four Big Ten Conference titles with the Ohio State Buckeyes and became the only player ever to start in four Rose Bowls . Archie Mason Griffin (born August 21, 1954) is a former American football running back. Apart from Adam and Andre, little information about his other children is available. Watch our How-To Videos to Become a Stathead, Subscribe to Stathead and get access to more data than you can imagine. Griffin stands 5.9 feet tall (1.75 meters) and weighs roughly 189 pounds (86 kg). Archie Griffin was a great player for Ohio State. Archie Griffin NFL statistics and biographical data. [5] Griffin is one of only two players in collegiate football history to start four Rose Bowl games, the other being Brian Cushing. Overall, Griffin rushed for 5,589 yards on 924 carries in his four seasons with the Buckeyes (19721975), then an NCAA record. Learn about theTop 10 Best NFL Hall of Famers >>>. In 2007, he was ranked No. Career Stats Regular SeasonPostseason Height: 5'9" Archie Griffin is a former professional football player and as of 2019, Archie Griffin's net worth is estimated to be around $3 million. Career rushing statistics Honors Griffin finished fifth in the Heisman vote in his sophomore year and won the award as a junior and senior. Photo by Rich Clarkson/NCAA Photos via Getty Images. It is highly recommended that you use the latest versions of a supported browser in order to receive an optimal viewing experience. Use without license or authorization is expressly prohibited. Griffin had a bright future in football, but things never panned out, and the former OSU superstar ultimately went bankrupt before the age of 30. Archie Griffin. What Happened to Texas Star Vince Young and Where is He Now. Stats Gamelogs 100-Yard Rushing. On Saturdays each fall, Buckeye faithful flock there from all corners of Ohio and beyond to . [8] United Press International named him Player of the Year twice (19741975), the Walter Camp Foundation named him top player twice (19741975), he won the Maxwell Award (1975), and Sporting News named him Man of the Year (1975). Archie Griffin, playing for Ohio State University (Source: Bigcommerce.com). If they were to remake the award using a new player, Griffin seems like an obvious choice. Griffin was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1986. When we say the richest NFL players net worth, who pops into your mind, and how much do you think they make? On January 1, 2014, Griffin was named the All-Century Player of the Rose Bowl Game during the celebration of the 100th Rose Bowl Game and participated in the Rose Parade. Archie Griffin was born on August 21, 1954. In addition, Griffin, along with Brian Cushing, is one of just two players in college football history to start four Rose Bowl games. To capture one of these honors is itself enough to etch a college football player's name into the book of legends. Griffin is the former President and CEO of the Ohio State University Alumni Association. Archie Griffin and his brother filed for bankruptcy in 1981 after their debt ballooned when their business venture failed terribly. Griffin was Eastmoor High Schools starting halfback for the following three years, where he earned all-district accolades as a junior and was named to the All-State Team after guiding the team to the City Championship in 1972. Herschel Walker. 3 national ranking on his way to winning his first of two Heisman Trophies. Draft: Selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 1st round (24th overall) of the 1976 NFL Draft. He served as the president and CEO of the Ohio State University Alumni Association. At the end of Griffin's college career in Columbus, he held the NCAA record for career rushing yards and was considered one of the greatest college football players ever. Privacy Policy The star tailback was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1986. 100% COMMITTED?? Throughout the 192 paged book, he explains how he developed such a strong sense of self-worth. Excluding bowl games, Griffin rushed for 5,177 yards on 845 carries. It was the start of a brilliant career that would see him amass an OSU record 5,589 yards and 26 touchdowns. He rushed for 1,428yards in the regular season as a sophomore, 1,620 as a junior, 1,357 as a senior. He was awarded his second Heisman, beating out Chuck Muncie and Ricky Bell. At one time, he worked three jobs, driving a sanitation truck during the day, cleaning a school at night, and working in a steel factory. He is currently a senior advisor at the Office of Advancement at Ohio State. Archie Griffin has always credited his teammates for helping him make Heisman history. He won those honors as a junior and senior. Watch our How-To Videos to Become a Stathead, Subscribe to Stathead and get access to more data than you can imagine. It's good to see him doing well these days. Compare Archie Griffin and Tony Dorsett careers through the years of your choosing. Sign up for daily stories delivered to your inbox. Archie published his autobiography, Archie: The Archie Griffin Story, on January 1, 1977. Archie Mason Griffin (born August 21, 1954) is a former American football running back. Archie Griffin Now: After Going Bankrupt Before 30, He's Thriving - FanBuzz Use without license or authorization is expressly prohibited. The NFL star was born on August 21, 1954, making him 68 years old. Griffin was the No. Ray Griffin Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College | Pro Titans Clash - #31 - Herschel Walker vs. Archie Griffin? Griffin chose to stay at home, becoming the first back-to-back Heisman Trophy winner in college football history, while recording 5,939 all-purpose yards and 27 touchdowns in four years with. Griffin rushed for 1,357 yards and seven touchdowns as a senior, leading Ohio State to an 11-0 record, a No. Also, learn about his childhood, net worth, career, and relationships. [1] Do you have a sports website? This article was last updated by Krishna Gurung on February 1, 2023. We have tools and resources that can help you use sports data. Career rushing statistics Honors Griffin finished fifth in the Heisman vote in his sophomore year and won the award as a junior and senior. Between his sophomore and senior seasons, Griffin ran for 100 or more yards in 31 consecutive regular-season games, still an NCAA mark. Rachel Hunter Bio: Early Life, Net Worth, Children & Six brothers and a sister: Jimmy, Larry, Daryle, Duncan, Raymond, Keith (brothers), and Crystal (sister), 24th overall pick in the first round of the 1976 NFL Draft by the Cincinnati Bengals, Two times recipient of the Heisman Trophy, Two times Big Ten Most Valuable Player (1973, 1974), Three times First-team All-American (19731975), Two times Sporting News Player of the Year (1974, 1975), Two times UPI Player of the Year (1974, 1975), Three times First-team All-Big Ten (19731975). We are ready Rapper Archie Eversole has died and police say his brother faces murder charges.. DeKalb County Police Officers in Georgia say that Arthur Eversole, better known as Archie Eversolewas shot by his brother Alexander Kraus on March 25 and taken to a hospital, where he later succumbed to his injuries. In their four seasons with Griffin as their starting running back, the Buckeyes posted a record of 40-5-1. Diant Griffin, the grandson of Archie Griffin, commits to Ohio State Archie Griffin with his wife, Bonita Griffin (Source: Ohio State University). Archie Griffin - Heisman Archie Griffin Won 2 Heisman Trophies, Then Went - Sportscasting Griffin also served as president and CEO of Ohio State's alumni association from 2004-2015. ?#GoBucks #LLK @OhioStateFB pic.twitter.com/VX3GLnhxCO, Diant Griffin (@goatgriff2) April 3, 2022. Between his sophomore and senior seasons, Griffin ran for 100 or more yards in 31 consecutive regular-season games, still an NCAA record. He still is, depending who you ask. Ohio State enshrined him in their own Varsity O Hall of Fame in 1981 and officially retired his number, 45, in 1999. Even after years of his retirement, he has an estimated net worth of $3 million. He has written about his journey from being a bullied child who was never considered a footballer to becoming one of the legendary footballers. He served as the Director of Athletics special assistant in 1985. He started in four-consecutive Rose Bowls, the only player ever to do so, and was a three-time first-team All-American. During his 7 NFL seasons, he rushed for 2808yards and 7 touchdowns, and caught 192 passes for 1607yards and 6 touchdowns. Notable players: Les Horvath, Vic Janowicz, Howard "Hopalong" Cassidy, Archie Griffin, Eddie George, Orlando Pace, Chris Spielman, Ezekiel Elliott Bottom Line: Ohio State University Ohio State University defensive end Chase Young was the No. Overall, Griffin rushed for 5,589yards on 924 carries in his four seasons with the Buckeyes (19721975), then an NCAA record. After a tragic divorce with his former spouse,Loretta Laffitte Archie Griffin got marriedto Bonita Griffin. * Selected to Pro Bowl, + First-Team AP All-Pro, Bold indicates league leader. Archie Griffin went to Ohio State University from 1972-75. Archie Mason Griffin (born August 21, 1954) is a former American football Running back and College Football Hall of Famer. Three points are awarded for first place on a ballot, with two points for second place and one point for third place. Archie Griffin is a college football legend. Archie Griffin remembers physicality and intensity of Ohio State vs Friday Five: Greatest college football running backs to fizzle out in Additionally, he was named United Press' Player of the Year in 1974 and 1975. Also, Griffin is 5 ft 9 (1.75 m) tall and weighs around 189 lb (86 kg). Over his four-year collegiate career, Griffin rushed for at least 100yards in 34 games, including an NCAA record 31 consecutive games. Caleb Williams, QB, USC: Archie Griffin can rest easy. We present them here for purely educational purposes. Griffins No. 1. I won't go into a business until I can be there and run it," Griffin told the New York Times in 1982. 2 on the list . He was a three-time Consensus All-American and was also named the Big Ten's MVP twice. The 40-year-old clip is grainy and hard to even find on the Internet. Archie Mason Griffin Moreover, Griffin's sun sign is Virgo. He has seven rushing touchdowns. Griffin won four Big Ten Conference titles with the Ohio State Buckeyes and was the first player ever to start . Archie Griffin's Grandson, Diante, Commits To Ohio State As Preferred After his career with the Bengals ended, Griffin played briefly with the Jacksonville Bulls of the United States Football League. He was strongly considering attending Northwestern before being lured to Columbus. He currently makes $350,000 a year. Archie Griffins First Heisman Year Statistics, 111 Broadway, Suite 103A [7] In the history of football, Archie Griffin is the only athlete to win the Heisman Trophy twice. Archie Griffin NFL Stats and Bio - Pro Football Archives He won those honors as a junior and senior. About Us He has three grandsons: Kamron, Diante, and Adrien. Cincinnati Bengals first-round draft picks, List of NCAA major college football yearly rushing leaders, "The 150 greatest players in college football's 150-year history", "National High School Hall of Fame: Archie Griffin", "Griffin singing praise for Buckeyes' Tressel", "Archie Griffin: Associate Athletic Director", "Report: Deal to sell Dayton Dragons reached", "Palisades Arcadia to acquire Dayton Dragons", "OhioStateBuckeyes.com Buckeye Biography - #11 Adam Griffin", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archie_Griffin&oldid=1140210753, Players of American football from Columbus, Ohio, Short description is different from Wikidata, NFL player missing current team parameter, Infobox NFL biography articles missing alt text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Career statistics and player information from, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 00:38.
Chapel Of The Chimes Hayward Find A Grave, Baseball Tournaments St Louis, Articles A