culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. Ovicidal, repellent, adulticidal and field evaluations of plant extract against dengue, malaria and filarial vectors. stephensi. [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. 2011;1:438. 2009;27:2632. In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. dirus [43]. Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. Lemongrass is not one of those chemicals. If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects, not all kinds of insects dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s and Generally Recognized as Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. Google Scholar. [] also reported . Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. [65]. In the Philippines, its In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the 2012;38:1416. In the study by Murugan et al. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). reactions. In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. insect repellent with its pleasing aroma and overall effectiveness were evident through 2015;114:453143. Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). transportation to go at our research environment. Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent stephensi mosquitoes. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. Phytochemistry. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 1. Furthermore, these related 2012;49:86. studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. dirus [47], respectively. For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Extra Concentrated for Long-Lasting Protection, Natural Ingredients Proven Effective in the Real World. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. SALLYE ANDER PROMISE: When you buy Sallye Ander products, you can rest assured knowing you are supporting a company committed to quality and the environment. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew 2005;10:11908. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 4 0 obj This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. arabiensis. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can interest in utilizing the plant as the main ingredient in the product due to its. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. Article receiving vessel. Meat Sci. Fabbri A, Hormaza J, Polito V. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Liloan, Cebu 6002 Philippines. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), 0620 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 2 Intermediate, 0619 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 1 Introduction, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, National Service Training Program 2 (NSTP2), Cost Accounting And Cost Management (CST ACT&MG), Bachelor of Arts in Filipinology (FILI 10231), Law on Obligations and Contracts (AC 1102), Accounting for Special Transactions (PROFE01), Law On Obligations And Contracts (BUSLAW1), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108). The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. Med Vet Entomol. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. It is also registered in Correspondence to Springer Nature. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. The researchers chose to do the experiment in this area since the marials - Advertisement -. 2010 , Dickens and Bohbot 2013 , Xu et al. In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not (E. Lemongrass oil, Eucalyptus oil, etc.). Lemongrass does not have SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. 2015;14:187. Soekarno- J Herb Spice Med Plants. Malar J. Parasitol Res. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. Bioresource Technol. Parasitol Res. Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. Although the protection time of citronella oil is shorter than that of DEET. safe it would be for them to use it every single day. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. J Ethnopharmacol. for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. Lemon grass In the present work, essential oil 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) is hydrodistilled from lemon grass in the laboratory, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal acetals . Malar J. 25 mosquito landing attempts. 2003;10:1814. Expect for 6 studies which were field trial, other studies were conducted on laboratory condition. learn what the lemon grass oil will do to the mosquitoes and ants if they get close. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. Parasitol Res. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. J Vector Borne Dis. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. Lemongrass | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center For Adult Patients About Diagnosis & Treatment Lemongrass Purported Benefits, Side Effects & More Common Names Fever grass Barbed wire grass Silky heads Jump to: For Patients & Caregivers For Healthcare Professionals For Patients & Caregivers dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. reduce mosquito landing around 40%. 2011;16:80210. 2014;21:21929. 1999;36:6259. Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. GENTLE ON KIDS, EASY-TO-USE. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. gambiae [54]. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. J Food Agric Environ. 2009;2009:e908085. [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. I. 3 affordable? The oil is also an anti- Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. Parasite. researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. Privacy repellency. dirus for 6h [44] and An. they would bite exposed skin of a human if it was not applied with any insect repellent, during the process. In addition to being a plant-based mosquito repeller, this spray will kill and repel hundreds of common pests, such as gnats, ticks, fleas, no-see-ums, spiders, and other biting flies. <> attempts Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Mosquito-transmitted diseases remain a main source of illness and death [1]. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. Lemongrass oil is also thought to be beneficial in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. 2005;19:3039. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. 2014;13:209. This research focuses on the effectiveness of lemongrass oil as an alternative Pak J Weed Sci Res. 2014 ). endobj All products are 100% handmade in the USA from organic locally sourced ingredients, and were completely cruelty-free. gambiae was identified. the product. PubMed However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the 2009;41:28. The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. used for the experiment were easily provided. In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. CAS Parasitol Res. 2014;28:2536. [50] also supported that burning of 25 g of dried O. europaea, comparable to Amer et al. subpictus. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. 2013;112:120519. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or insect repellent since it can be found in the backyard at home or just around the 2016;115:99106. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. Google Scholar. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. bottle. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. centered over the receiving vessel. Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. Eucalyptus is a significant short rotation pulpy woodyplant,growngenerallyin tropical regions [72]. In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined. The heterogeneity in the results of the previous studies might be stem from differences in compound concentrations, application dosages, mosquito species, formulations and the assessment method of repellency, as in some trials the protection time until mosquitoes landed was recorded, whereas in the majority of studies the time until mosquitoes bite was considered. Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. 3 0 obj Morehead JA. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the limonene. Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. 2018;101:197201. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. %PDF-1.5 Google Scholar. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. 2014;26:30510. skin. Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. J Med Entomol. It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. Province. 2010;13:8596. lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Malar J. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles.